means
Paired t-test
Compare two measurements from the same unit, person, or matched pair.
Requirements
- continuous paired differences
- pair identifier or pre/post grouping
Avoid when
- independent groups
- more than two timepoints
Formula
t = d̄ / (s_d / √n)
Interpretation
Tests whether the mean within-pair difference differs from zero.
Worked example
Compare each participant's pre-treatment and post-treatment symptom score.
Open example datasets