regression
Generalized estimating equations
Estimate population-average associations for clustered or repeated responses.
Requirements
- outcome family
- predictors
- subject/cluster column
- independent clusters
Avoid when
- few clusters
- subject-specific effects are the target
Formula
g(E[Y]) = Xβ; correlated observations within clusters
Interpretation
Sandwich uncertainty accounts for within-cluster correlation; it does not repair a wrong mean model or missing-data bias.
Worked example
Estimate a population-average response trajectory from repeated observations.
Open example datasets